Assessing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in. Building from the corporate standard, the ghg protocol. The standard covers the accounting and reporting of seven greenhouse gases covered by the kyoto protocol carbon dioxide co2, methane ch4, nitrous oxide. Emission factors for greenhouse gas inventories typically, greenhouse gas emissions are reported in units of carbon dioxide equivalent co 2e.
The mission of the greenhouse gas protocol initiative ghg protocol is to develop and promote internationally accepted greenhouse gas ghg accounting and reporting standards through an open and inclusive process. The greenhouse gas protocol the greenhouse gas protocol is the most widely used international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify and manage ghg emissions. Scope 1 includes direct ghg emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the company such as natural gas combustion and company owned vehicles. The effects of kyoto protocol on reducing greenhouse gas. Mar 11, 2018 some greenhouse gases are emitted naturally through wildfires, volcanic activity, and biological activity. The study report on the greenhouse gases and their impact on global warming. The purpose of the assessment protocol is to provide guidance to facilities in completing their evaluation of energy use and greenhouse gas ghg emissions management against tsm indicators. Ghg emissions have been reported by the three wbcsdwri scopes. Without the greenhouse effect the earths average global temperature would be much colder and life on earth as we know. The largest growth in greenhouse gas emissions has come from energy supply and road transport. This increase accelerated with the development of the petrochemical industry after world war ii. What are greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect. While natural water vapor has the greatest impact on the greenhouse effect, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are the most notable manmade contributors. Many tools are accompanied by a pdf guidance document, which provides stepbystep guidance on the use of a tool and should be consulted first.
The gases responsible for this are called greenhouse gases, as they play a similar role as the clear plastic or glass covering a greenhouse. Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities, rules and guidelines as to how, and which, additional humaninduced activities related to changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the agricultural soils. Global warming potential values greenhouse gas protocol. Epa center for corporate climate leaderships the center ghg guidance is based on the greenhouse gas protocol. The greenhouse gas reporting protocols differ depending on whether the landfill holds an oregon air quality permit and whether the landfill is subject to the federal greenhouse gas reporting. The greenhouse gas protocol initiative ghg protocol. Gas protocol what is ghg protocol most widely used international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify, and manage greenhouse gas emissions history the ghg protocol arose when wri and wbcsd recognized that an international standard for corporate ghg accounting and reporting would be necessary in light of evolving climate change policy. The greenhouse gas protocol jointly developed by the world resources institute and the world business council for sustainable development in 2004. The emission factors listed in this document source. Petroleum industry guidelines for reporting greenhouse gas. It describes the sources and activities across the global economy that produce greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the type and volume of gases associated with each activity. Ghg protocol scope 2 guidance world resources institute.
For the marketbased number, the guarantee of origin is the carrier of greenhouse gas emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of ghg emissions by companies and organizations, including information on setting organizational and operational. Ghg protocol corporate accounting and reporting standard this document, which. Greenhouse gas protocol provides standards and tools that help countries and cities track progress toward climate goals. The kyoto protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that part one global warming is occurring and part two it is extremely likely that humanmade co 2 emissions have predominantly caused it. For the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions inventories. Global warming potential values the following table includes the 100year time horizon global warming potentials gwp relative to co2. Greenhouse gas emissions and the role of the kyoto protocol.
Submission of information on national greenhouse gas ghg emissions is an important commitment under the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc and, for parties to the kyoto protocol, under that protocol. The ar5 values are the most recent, but the second assessment report 1995 and fourth. There are several different types of inventories that exist, from municipal scale to community to consumption based inventories that are used to identify different types of emissions within a city. Where activity data for the 2018 fifa world cup inventory was lacking, assumptions and extrapolations were made, in general, based on. The ghg protocol corporate accounting and reporting standard provides requirements and guidance for companies and other organizations preparing a corporatelevel ghg emissions inventory. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of ghg emissions by companies and organizations, including information on setting organizational and operational boundaries. This document is a guide to estimating and reducing an organizations ghg emissions. The ghg protocol initiative comprises two separate but linked standards. Local government operations protocol for greenhouse gas. This book stresses the greenhouse gas emissions of the usa and china, and shows various ways to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Comprehensive reports will coincide with the calendar year. Learn about key greenhouse gases and their sources, as well greenhouse gas emissions at the global, national, facility,and household level. The gpc protocol is a worldwide standard for inventorying cityinduced ghg emissions developed by the world resources institute, c40 cities climate leadership group, and iclei1. Greenhouse gas protocol greenhouse gas global warming.
The scope 2 guidance is required reading for companies that follow the greenhouse gas protocol corporate accounting and reporting standard. The greenhouse gas protocol designing a customized 10 g street, ne suite 800 greenhouse gas calculation tool washington, dc 20002 usa tel. However, since the industrial revolution at the turn of the 19 th century, humans have been releasing increasing amounts of greenhouse gases. Best practices for including carbon sinks in greenhouse gas. The protocol supports the use of biomass wastes for energy through the innovative monetary valuation of the greenhouse gas benefits. Greenhouse gas emissions ghg protocol ghg protocol standards. Pdf greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and climate. A corporate accounting and reporting standard ghg protocol developed by the world resources institute wri and the world business council for sustainable development wbcsd. The resulting standard and guidance are supplemented by a number of user friendly ghg calculation tools on the ghg protocol website. Epas greenhouse gas reporting program ghgrp tracks facilitylevel emissions from the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the united states. An official website of the united states government.
The primary greenhouse gases in earths atmosphere are water vapor h 2 o, carbon dioxide co 2, methane ch 4, nitrous oxide n 2 o, and ozone o 3. Some gases, when present in the atmosphere, absorb that reflected energy and redirect it back to earth as heat. A corporate accounting and reporting standard corporate standard, wriwbcsd 2004 is the accepted international standard, having been widely implemented by companies, industry associations, and ghg programs, and adopted by the international organization. Epa center for corporate climate leaderships the center greenhouse gas guidance is based on the greenhouse gas protocol. It serves as the foundation for nearly every ghg standard and program in the world, including the current defra greenhouse gas reporting guidelines. The greenhouse gas protocol ghg protocol of the world resources institute wri and the world business council on sustainable development wbcsd. Globally, the waste management sector contributes an estimated 5% of the total anthropogenic ghg emissions. The kyoto protocol is a protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change, an international environmental treaty with the goal of stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Energy and greenhouse gas emissions management protocol. Greenhouse gas inventories are the primary method that cities use to track and report on greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas reduction goals. The paper traces the widespread adoption of the standards, and then offers an explanation for this successful instance of private regulation. Currently, carbon dioxide accounts for more than 60 percent of the enhanced greenhouse effect caused by the increase of greenhouse gases, and the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing by more than 10 percent every 20 years. The kyoto protocol was designed to fight the global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Most companies will need to apply more than one tool to cover their emissions. Jan 21, 2015 to standardize greenhouse gas emissions accounting for all these arrangements, the world resources institute on tuesday released an updated greenhouse gas protocol corporate accounting and reporting standard. To facilitate the robustness, credibility and transparency of ghg data, reporting guidelines, based. Ghg protocol corporate accounting and reporting standard. Greenhouse gas, any gas capable of absorbing infrared radiation net heat energy emitted from earths surface and reradiating it back to earths surface, thus contributing to the phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect. Intergovernmental panel on climate change ipcc, fourth assessment. The greenhouse gas protocol provides several free tools registration required to help users identify emissions from a variety of activities, including stationary combustion, purchased electricity, mobile source use.
Greenhouse gas protocol allows and to some extent even encourages companies to use data of other areas, either smaller or bigger than a country. It includes requirements for the design, development, management, reporting and verification of an organizations ghg inventory. Initiatives mission is to develop internationally accepted greenhouse gas ghg accounting and reporting standards for business and to promote their broad adoption. A greenhouse gas sometimes abbreviated ghg is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range. Biomass waste for energy greenhouse gas protocol placer. Pdf on mar 1, 2004, janet ranganathan jasper koch and others published the greenhouse gas protocol. Guide to greenhouse gas management for small business. Greenhouse gas ghg emission from waste is a major environmental problem. The assessment protocol sets out the general expectations for energy use and ghg emissions management as part of the tsm initiative. Ebrd protocol for assessment of greenhouse gas emissions. This chart offers a comprehensive view of global greenhouse gas ghg emissions. Protocol for communityscale greenhouse gas emission inventories gpc protocol.
Our study empirically investigates the effects of the kyoto protocol s quantified emission limitation or reduction commitments on various greenhouse gas ghg emissions such as carbon dioxide co 2, methane ch 4, nitrous oxide n 2 o, and other greenhouse gases consisting of hydrofluorocarbons hfcs, perfluorocarbons pfcs, and sulfur hexafluoride sf 6. For ten years, the corporate standard has provided a common framework for corporate greenhouse gas accounting. Greenhouse gas protocol provides the worlds most widely used greenhouse gas accounting standards for companies. There are different resources for navigating ghg protocol tools. Ebrd protocol for assessment of greenhouse gas emissions background the ebrd first published an assessment of the impact of its investments on greenhouse gas emissions in 2003. Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor are the most important greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gas protocol world resources institute. When in doubt about applying the tools explained in this guide to.
Ghg protocol for project accounting greenhouse gas protocol. Local officials have expressed a need for a set of methodologies and data sources to inventory the ghg emissions from their government operations and to quantify the emissions impact of local government policies and programs. Gases are converted to co 2e by multiplying by their global warming potential gwp. Specification for the assessment of greenhouse gas emissions of a city. Note to readers vermont greenhouse gas emissions inventory and forecast reports are designated as either comprehensive or as brief. The new ghg protocol scope 2 guidance covers electricity purchases of various stripes. Global warming is defined as the increase of the earths average surface temperatures due to the greenhouse effect, which acts to trap heat that would have otherwise escaped from earth. Hfcs are potent greenhouse gases with high gwps, and they are released into the atmosphere during manufacturing processes and through leaks, servicing, and disposal of equipment in which they are used. The net changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from direct humaninduced landuse change and forestry activities, limited to afforestation, reforestation and deforestation since 1990, measured as verifiable changes in carbon stocks in. If you report to the greenhouse gas reporting program, or you think you might be required to, visit the for reporters page for resources, tools, and training opportunities.
This protocol is considered current best practice for corporate or organisational greenhouse gas emissions reporting. The drafting committee wishes to acknowledge the generosity and cooperation of wri and wbscd in making the original and revised versions of the ghg protocol available and. Global protocol for communityscale greenhouse gas emission inventories gpc wee kean fong senior associate, world resources insitute. Greenhouse gases cause the greenhouse effect on planets. Chlorofluorocarbons and hcfcs are being phased out under an international agreement, called the montreal protocol. Jointly convened in 1998 by the world business council for sustainable development wbcsd and the world resources institute. Identifies and describes the processes and methodologies hess uses to calculate the hess ghg inventory and ensure its reliability and validity. The purpose was to see climate change impacts in the wider context of the transition impacts of ebrd projects. The ghg protocol corporate accounting and reporting standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report ghg emissions.
Ghg protocol is developing standards, tools and online training that helps countries, cities and companies track progress towards their climate goals ghg protocol establishes frameworks to measure and manage greenhouse gas ghg emissions from private and public sector operations, value chains and mitigation actions. The climate registry general reporting protocol version 1. Principles of greenhouse gas accounting the ghg protocol is based on five principles. Vermont greenhouse gas emissions inventory and forecast. This table is adapted from the ipcc fifth assessment report, 2014 ar5i.
United nations framework convention on climate change over the last three decades, all greenhouse gas emissions increased by an average of 1. This document specifies principles and requirements at the organization level for the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas ghg emissions and removals. These emissions accounting standards, called the greenhouse gas protocol, have been widely adopted by multinational firms, emissions reporting registries, and even an emissions trading scheme. California local governments have taken an active role in fighting climate change and reducing greenhouse gas ghg emissions. Co2 from fossil fuel consumption is the best known source of greenhouse gas, though certainly not the only one. The greenhouse gas protocol world resources report.
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